Periodontal disease is diagnosed with a thorough periodontal exam. A small, blunt probe is used to measure the depth of the gum pockets around every tooth in the mouth. If the pockets bleed easily during probing this is noted as well. The bleeding is a sign of inflammation of the pocket. The appearance of the gums is noted; infected gums appear red and. The goal is to remove the tartar and bacteria from the root surfaces to allow healing and reattachment of the gums. An individualized home care regimen is devised for the patient to control plaque. Plaque contains the bacteria which cause the disease and plaque hardens to become tartar. Controlling plaque levels through proper home care is critical to the success of the treatment. These are good examples of how a periodontal surgery can enhance an individual's appearance damaged by chronic gum disease.