The eczema or dermatitis is a skin disease of inflammatory.
The causes may be different, while the forms are mainly two: a form of eczema due to contact with allergens or irritants (eczema or contact dermatitis) and a special form due to malfunctioning of our body (atopic eczema or atopic dermatitis).
Eczema or dermatitis
As can be seen
In the acute phase occurs with eczema blisters on the skin, which can break releasing a clear liquid. Later vesicles cicatrizzano forming crusts and finally manifested the peeling of the skin. The eczema causes intense itching, which can prevent sleep and worsens considerably the quality of life.
In contact dermatitis lesions appear wherever the irritants are in contact with skin, for example the hands or the neck and wrists if they are allergic to chains or bracelets.
Eczema atopic instead parts of the body most affected are the face, neck, skin of the elbows, knees, wrists and ankles. The skin becomes increasingly dry and thicker, until it assumed a particular look.
Eczema or contact dermatitis
In contact dermatitis by irritants inflammation is caused by specific substances that come into contact with skin.
The contact eczema may be allergic-type allergic or not.
In dermatitis of a non-allergic (also called irritant contact dermatitis, DCI) is skin irritation and direct cellular damage, when a substance is applied on the skin for a time and with a sufficient concentration.
The type of allergic dermatitis (eczema or allergic, or topical, or allergic contact dermatitis, or DAC) is manifested allergic sensitization, mediated by cells to specific substances.
Initially lesions are located in the place of exposure to sensitizing agents, but whether such exposure is still possible extension to other areas of the skin.
The sensitization responsible dell'eczema are many: metals such as chromium, nickel, cobalt, medicines for local use (antibiotics, antihistamines), cosmetics (hair dyes, nail enamel, deodorants), some textile fibers; Some substances used at home (such as detergents).
For the diagnosis of allergic eczema are very effective allergy test epicutanei with the suspected allergen.
Atopic eczema or atopic dermatitis
The atopic eczema, or constitutional, is a type of dermatitis a chronic relapsing course, which is often associated with a personal and family history of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinoconjunctivitis ol'asma allergic. The genesis of this disease are probably involved many factors: genetic, immunological, environmental and so on. In most cases, atopic eczema occurs early, between the second and sixth months of life, in other cases, rare, appears in adulthood.
In the first two years of life are the localises scalp, the face, limbs and trunk. Some children recover by the second year of life, in others the disease regress to puberty, others still persists throughout the life stages of re-ignition and forgiveness. Generally dermatitis tends to regress spontaneously during periods of Sea summer residence. Over time events become less acute and essudanti, taking aspects infiltration and dry, with a tendency to locate the eyelids, around the mouth, neck and the flexor surfaces of the limbs.
For the diagnosis of atopic eczema are important careful personal and family medical history, and measuring the amount of immunoglobulin E (IgE) present in the blood, often related to the severity of the disease. The atopic eczema is often associated with milk allergy or dust mites.
Other forms of dermatitis
The seborroico eczema is a form of dermatitis that is manifested in two ways: the seborroico infantile eczema (or milky crust) el'eczema seborroico of the adult.
The crust occurs with milky yellowish crusts and stratified, squamous type, occurring initially isolated and then cover the entire head. The milky crust may also affect the face and sometimes spread to large folds. The milky crust regress spontaneously within a few weeks or months, does not mean itching or other health problems of children.
The seborroico the adult eczema affects the middle front and back of the chest, scalp, face. Compaioni spotting erythematous covered with yellowish scales, the scalp may occur with dandruff.
The cleaned and dried a type of dermatitis that locates the side faces and handhelds of fingers, and plants and lateral sides of the feet. It is characterized by blisters of various sizes, grouped or scattered, which tend to merge into bubbles. The vesicles are hard to the touch and resistant to injury, and appear along with a strong itching.
The blisters tend to absorb spontaneously in a few days, leaving the scales-crusts. The disidrosi tends to recur, especially in spring, some complications may arise as the overlap of infection and the emergence of an allergic eczema if the subject is subjected to irritants with some frequency.
What to do in case of dermatitis
In contact dermatitis is to be found the substance or substances harmful: the contact with these substances should be avoided or suspending the use or wearing protective clothing (eg gloves), or protecting the skin creams with special "barrier". Often the irritants not come in contact with the body in pure form but, more often than not, as components of objects of various kinds.
The atopic dermatitis is cortisonici with care and keeping skin moisturized and protected. We must therefore avoid the use of irritants such as perfumes and cosmetics, do not use soap on the parties affected, or use for the cleaning of the skin particular products. The clothes should be cotton, light, preventing wool and synthetic fibers that can worsen the irritation.
In the case of children, is very helpful to have short nails, to prevent the scratches or make him wear gloves, especially at night.